The nature and extent of progress in primary care reform during the last decade has been variable across the country. Primary care groups, networks and inter-professional teams have been implemented to varying degrees in most provinces and territories, and an increasing proportion of primary care physicians are participating in blended payment models. It appears that Canada’s primary care performance is better for most aspects of prevention, chronic disease management and coordination of care. Opportunities for major advances include timely access to care (both in-person and by telephone and during both regular office hours and afterhours), patient-centeredness and engagement, communication across healthcare settings, care processes, development of inter-professional teams, use and functionality of electronic medical/health records, systematic feedback on performance, and addressing health and healthcare inequities.